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    Horsetail - is a perennial weed with deep spreading root stock. Horsetail is most noted by it's jointed stems which are hollow and will pull apart at the joints. The leaves are small and scale like. They are located at the joints on the stems. Horsetail is found in moist soils along streams, ponds, roadsides and low areas in fields. Horsetail forms dense patches of stems that persist throughout the winter. Horsetail spreads by underground root stock and spores. Horsetail is found throughout the summer months.

    Horseweed - is an annual weed, winter or summer, depending on location. Horseweed is an upright growing plant and can reach 4 - 5 feet if not mowed. Horseweed grows in a basal rosette. The leaves which are oblanceolate in shape are 3 - 4 inches in length. The leaves alternate and have margins that are toothed. The stem of horseweed is simple and unbranched, and covered with hair. Horseweed has a taproot. The inflorescence is a panicle of heads with pink to white flowers. Horseweed spreads by seed produced in the summer.

    Khakiweed - is a annual or perennial, depending on the location, which develops from a thick tap root. The stems of khakiweed are covered with hair. Khakiweed has a prostrate growth habit. The leaves of khakiweed form opposite and are round to oblong with the tip being the widest part. Khakiweed reproduces from seeds. The flowers are white and form in stiff spiny heads, solitarily, or in groups of 2 to 3. The flowers form at the nodes. Flowering occurs during the summer months.

    Prostrate Knotweed - is a summer annual, which forms dense patches. Prostrate knotweed is probably the earliest of the summer annuals to germinate in the spring. Prostrate knotweed is often confused with first-leaf crabgrass. Prostrate knotweed is a prostrate weed that produces a thin tap root and multiple branched stems. Even though knotweed does not root down at the nodes of the stems, a single plant can form a dense mass up to three feet across. Prostrate knotweed tolerates extremely compacted soils and is often found in high traffic areas. The leaves appear alternately on the stems, and differ in the color of green depending on the age of the leaf, with older leaves being a less intense green. The stems will be knotty and have a paper like sheath.

    Lambsquarter - is an erect summer annual. The leaves of lambsquarter are lanceolate in shape, approximately 1 - 2 inches in length and about 1 inch wide. The edges of the leaf are toothed and the leaf tip is pointed. The leaves are covered with a white mealy substance, especially on the underside of the leaf. The leaves form alternately on the stems. The root of lambsquarter is a branched taproot. The flowers of lambsquarter are found in small green clusters and lack petals. The clusters of flowers form in terminal spikes. Lambsquarter spreads by black seeds that germinate in the late spring to early summer.

    Common Lespedeza - is a prostrate growing summer annual. Three oblong, smooth leaflets, all joining on a common petiole, have a prominent mid-vein. Stems are wiry, prostrate and freely branching. The flowers of common lespedeza are pink to purple and are found in the leaf axils. Lespedeza is commonly found on soils with low fertility.

    Venice Mallow - is a summer annual. It was introduced from Europe where it was grown as an ornamental. Venice mallow has an upright growth habit and can reach 10 - 18 inches in height. The stems are erect, covered with hairs and branch from the base. The leaves are deeply cleft into 3 - 5 coarsely toothed lobes and form on long petioles. The lower stems and petioles can be a red to purple in color. Venice mallow has a fibrous root system with a weak taproot. The flower of Venice mallow is very showy and are a light sulfur-yellow color with a deep red to purple center. Venice mallow is nicknamed "flower-of-an-hour" because flowers will only last several hours before the petals drop. Venice mallow spreads by seed. The seeds can lay dormant for up to 50 years.

    Matchweed - also called mat lippia, is a mat-forming perennial with opposing leaves on hairy branching stems. Leaves have small teeth at the outer tip. The purple to white flowers emerge around the tip of the seed stalk forming a match-head appearance. Matchweed spreads by both seeds and stolons along prostrate stems.

    Moss - is a primitive plant; most species are perennial. Moss has a filamentous growth pattern and produces a felt-like mat over the soil surface. This moss mat can become thick under good growing conditions. There are two main groups of moss species. The first contains chlorophyll and grows on the soil surface; the second lacks chlorophyll and spreads underground. These groups can be divided again by their growth habits. Moss is different from higher plants such as turfgrass, because it does not contain conductive tissue and lacks phloem and xylem. Due to not having conductive tissue, moss also lacks true roots, but absorb moisture and nutrients through root like structures called rhozoids. Leaves of most moss species are only a few millimeter long and lack petioles.

    Nimblewill - is a perennial grass that browns in the winter. Nimblewill produces short stolons, but no rhizomes. The leaves are rolled in the bud, the ligule is short, membranous, toothed at the top, and auricles are absent. The leaf blades are narrow and white-green in color. Nimblewill forms patches and is fairly tolerant of shade. The seed head is a loose spike-like panicle.